With second-quarter results from most U.S. companies now in, Goldman Sachs says their top lines grew at the fastest pace in five years.

6.4%

That's how much S&P 500 companies' quarterly revenues grew compared with a year prior, according to the bank's analysts. Their calculations exclude revenues from the energy sector, which have been volatile due to the Iran war.

Here are some other highlights from the Goldman note, published yesterday:

-- Tariff refunds: Companies have so far gotten more than $100 billion back. They treated the refunds as a "one-time windfall" to increase marketing budgets, offset other costs and lower customer prices.

-- Big tech outperformance: Large tech companies saw the strongest revenue growth. Excluding the tech sector, revenues grew by a more modest 3% for the median S&P 500 company.

-- Company earnings grew almost 50% from the same quarter last year, boosted by large tech firms marking up the value of stakes in private companies they held.